"Every single one has to resist as much as he can...to work against fascism. Offer passive resistance...avoid the continuation of this atheistic war mechanism. Don't forget that every people deserves the regime it tolerates." Those brave lines stem from a pamphlet of some LMU students, known as the White Rose group. Hans und Sophie Scholl studied medicine, biology and philosophy at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) until they got arrested while distributing pamphlets and executed in 1943.
Today Munich's university is on top of the international ranking although it can't keep up with the history of Bologna or Oxford (both 11. century). It had to move twice to find its ultimate destination. Ludwig the Rich had founded Bavaria's first university in 1472 in Ingolstadt covering four main subjects: philosophy, medicine, law and theology. During reformation the university took over a leading role against Martin Luther aiming at his conviction in Rome.
In 1802 LMU was transfered to Landshut and 24 years later King Maximilian I. brought it to Munich. Friedrich von Gärtner was the architect of LMU. It was neamed after Ludwig the Rich and Maximilian I., who had studied himself and who was drawn to reforms. He expanded the four faculties adding "state economy" and hired outstanding teaching staff like the philosopher Schelling. The students were not grateful at all, for it was them who urged him to resign due to his lover Lola Montez.
From 1903 women were able to matriculate. Thus, LMU was a pioneer in Germany. In 1918 there were 8625 students and 1191 women. Renowned professors like social scientist Max Weber, heart and lung surgeon Ferdinand Sauerbruch or Nobel Prize winner Wilhelm Röntgen helped LMU to reach international esteem.
Less praisable was the students' political role. The majority were strongly opposed against the revolution of 1918 and sympathised rather with the assassinator than with the murdered prime minister Kurt Eisner. National socialism also brought a harsh break for LMU: Jewish and politically not suited professors were dismissed, teachers were limited in their career. The German students' association was co-organiser of the book burning at Königsplatz in 1933. But there were students who weren't followers at all. The fountain squares in front of the main building are reminders of two members of the White Rose, namely the Scholl siblings and their teacher professor Huber.
In the mid-1970s LMU expanded in the areas medicine, bio chemistry and physics, to München-Großhadern and to Oberschleißheim, Garching and Freising. In addition a HighTechCampus was implemented in Martinsried-Großhadern to promote interdisciplinary research. 42.000 students take advantage of the great reputation of this elite university studying at one of the 18 faculties.
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